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Objective To investigate the correlation between postmenopausal estrogen levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Two hundred cases of postmenopausal type 2 diabetes admitted to the Eighth Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to January 2017 were selected as the subjects and divided into the retinopathy group (93 cases) and the normal retina group (107 cases) according to the resuhs of fundus angiography.The general data of the two groups were compared,and the blood glucose index,blood lipid index and estrogen level were measured and compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of the patients with retinopathy.Results (1) The disease duration of patients in the retinopathy group was longer than that in the normal retina group ((14.67 ±3.48) years vs.(10.20±2.85) years;t=9.983,P＜0.05).The fasting blood glucose (FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin of patients in the retinopathy group were higher than those in the normal retina group (FBG:(8.01 ± 1.21) mmol/L vs.(6.93 ± 1.20) mmol/L,FBG:(8.32 ± 1.56) mmol/L vs.(7.39 ± 1.43) mmol/L;t =6.324,4.397,P＜0.05).The total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of patients in the retinopathy group were higher than those in the normal retina group [TC:(4.93±0.87) mmol/ Lvs.(4.23± 0.69) mmol/L,TG:(1.91 ± 0.42) mmol/L vs.(1.63 ± 0.32) mmol/L,LDL-C:(2.61 ± 0.90) mmol/L vs.(1.78±0.53) mmol/L;t =6.340,5.340,8.067,P＜0.05],while high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was lower than that in the normal retina group ((1.23±0.37) mmol/L vs.(1.76±0.45) mmol/L;t =9.014,P ＜0.05).The E2 level in the retinopathy group was lower than that in the normal retina group ((23.91 + 8.51) ng/L vs.(32.18 + 9.80) ng/L;t=6.325,P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes,FBG,HbAlc,TC,TG and LDL-C were risk factors of retinopathy (OR (95％ CI) =1.049 (1.011 ～ 1.056),1.071(1.061 ～ 1.093),1.092(0.984～ 1.275),1.099(1.661 ～ 1.993),1.863(1.661 ～ 1.993),1.652 (1.461 ～ 1.893),P＜ 0.05),while HDL-C and E2 were protective factors of retinopathy (OR (95 ％ CI) =0.172(0.061 ～ 0.293),0.955 (0.861 ～ 1.093),P＜0.0S).Conclusion Estrogen level is related to retinopathy in postmenopausal diabetic patients.It may be a protective factor for diabetic retinopathy.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of nurse-led team management on self-management and hyperten-sion control for community-dwelling hypertensive patients. Methods A quasi-experimental study design was adopt-ed,two communities were elected as the intervention group and the control group in Wuhou District,Chengdu,and 102 hypertensive patients were recruited from each group. The intervention group received nurse-led team manage-ment for 2 years,and intervention methods included individual management,phone or home follow-up,collective inter-vention and so on. While the control group received doctor-led hypertension management. The patients' self-man-agement behaviors and hypertension control were evaluated before the intervention and 6,12,24 months after the intervention. Results After 24-month nurse-led team management,scores of self-management behaviors and hyper-tension control rate of patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of patients in the con-trol group(P<0.05). Conclusion Nurse-led team management could significantly improve self-management behaviors and the rate of hypertension control for hypertensive patients.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of somatostatin (SS)combined with growth hormone (GH) in treatment of intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rabbits with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), as well as its clinical significance. Methods Seventy-two rabbits were equally assigned into model group (SAP group), SS treated group (SS group) and SS combined with GH treated group (SS + GH group). SAP models were induced by retro-injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. After modeling, all rabbits were given 5 % glucose saline daily.The rabbits in SS group and SS+GH group were continuously Given SS (3.5μg·kg-1·h-1)for 48 hours. Besides, the rabbits in SS+GH group were subcutaneously injected with 0.15 IU/kg of GH at the 1st and the 24th hours after modeling. The levels of serum amylase, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and plasma diamine oxidase were measured at the 6th, 12th, 24th and 48th hours after modeling. The pathological changes of pancreatic tissue and ileal mucosa were observed. Survival rate was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. The univariate analysis was used to compare the difference among groups. Results In SS+GH group, the levels of serum TNF-α and plasma diamine oxidase were (2. 43 ± 0. 14) pg/ml and (4. 61 ± 0. 45) U/L at the 24th hour respectively, and were (2.08±0.23) pg/ml and (3.75±0.47) U/L at the 48th hour, respectively,which were lower than those in SAP group and SS group [(2.80 0.30) pg/ml and (8.74 ± 1.77)U/L, respectively, at the 24th hour; (2. 45±0.12) pg/ml and (5. 02±0.95) U/L, respectively, at the 48th hour)]with significant difference (P＜0.05). The inflammation in pancreas and ileal mucosa was alleviated, and the integrity of bowel mucosa was improved. Survival rate of SS+GH group was significantly higher than SAP group and SS group. There was no significant difference in level of serum amylase between SS+GH group and SS group. Conclusion The combination of SS with GH may enhance the function of intestinal mucosa barrier and improve the prognosis of SAP in rabbits.
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PurposeTo investigate the relationship between the TCD higher blood flow velocity and the pathology of internal cranial arteries,so as to improve the veracity of diagnosing cerebrovasculer diseases by TCD. MethodsComparing the blood flow velocity of 84 patients,whose cerebral blood flow are abnormal higher in one or above vessels detected by TCD,with the results of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). ResultsCerebrovascular stricture,closeness and other diseases are discovered at different parts and to some extent in 80 of above 84 cases according to their detecting results of MRA. ConclusionIt is reliable to diagnose stricture,closeness and other diseases of internal cranial large arteries by TCD higher blood folw velocity.
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Objective To investigate the expression of GABA_A receptor in the process of activation of hippocampal neurons and explore the epileptogenesis. Methods The activated hippocampal neuron products (experiment group) and the serum-free-medium (control group) were injected into rat's lateral ventricle, respectively, then we observed the behaviors, electroencephalographic (EEG) and immunochemical changes of GABA_A receptor in rats. Results 10~30 min after administration of pentetrazole (PTZ)-activated hippocampal neuronal products, Ⅱ～Ⅲ class epileptic behaviors were found in the experiment group. EEG showed many short distance moderate amplitude sharp waves, sharp and slow wave complex. The behaviors of rats and EEG results were normal in the control group. GABA_A receptor positive cells extensively spread over cerebral cortex, hippocampal CA_1 and dentate gyrus in the control group, and the expression of GABA_A receptor significantly decreased in the experiment group.Conclusion Activated hippocampal neuronal products could induce epilepsy. One of its mechanisms might be related to the decrease of GABA_A content.